Laser cutting is to converge the laser beam into a small spot through a focusing mirror and project it onto the metal surface. The focal point reaches a very high power density. At this time, the irradiated part of the material is quickly heated to the vaporization temperature and evaporates to form a hole. The light beam and the material move relatively linearly, so that the hole continuously forms a slit with a very narrow width, so as to achieve the purpose of cutting the material. The following is a specific introduction.
The generation of laser signals requires three basic conditions: population inversion, optical feedback, and laser threshold. Therefore, the laser is composed of a working substance, a pump source, and a resonant cavity. The basic structure of the fiber laser is as follows. The gain fiber is the gain medium that generates photons; the pump light is used as external energy to make the gain medium to achieve population inversion, that is, the pump source; the optical resonant cavity is composed of two mirrors, The function is to make the photons get feedback and be amplified in the working medium. The pumped light enters the gain fiber and is absorbed, which in turn reverses the number of energy level particles in the gain medium. When the gain in the resonant cavity is higher than the loss, a laser oscillation will be formed between the two mirrors, resulting in a laser signal output.
Fiber lasers refer to lasers that use rare-earth-doped glass fibers as gain media. Fiber lasers can be developed on the basis of fiber amplifiers. Under the action of the pump light, it is easy to increase the power density in the fiber, causing the laser energy level of the laser working substance to “populate number inversion”. When a positive feedback loop (forming a resonant cavity) is properly added, the laser oscillation output can be formed.
A processing method that uses the heat of a high-temperature fiber laser arc to melt and evaporate the metal part or part of the incision of the workpiece, and uses the momentum of the high-speed fiber laser to remove the molten metal to form the incision. This is fiber laser cutting. It is a kind of mechanical equipment that uses this technology to process metal materials; it is used in many industrial production fields. In order to make better use of this mechanical equipment, you should also have a certain understanding of its working principle.
First of all, in the fiber laser cutting machine, the fiber laser is a gas heated to a very high temperature and highly ionized. It transfers the arc power to the workpiece. The high heat melts the workpiece and is blown off, forming a fiber laser arc cutting. Working status. At the same time, when compressed air enters the cutting torch, it is distributed by the air chamber to form fiber laser gas and auxiliary gas.
At this time, the fiber laser gas arc plays a role in melting the metal, and the auxiliary gas cools the various parts of the torch and blows off the molten metal. Secondly, the cutting power supply of the fiber laser cutting machine includes two parts: the main circuit and the control circuit. The main circuit includes a contactor, a three-phase power transformer with high leakage reactance, a three-phase bridge rectifier, and a high-frequency arc ignition coil and protection Components and other components.
Finally, the control circuit of the fiber laser cutting machine completes the entire cutting process through the button switch on the cutting torch, and the power supply of the main circuit is controlled by the contractor, and the gas flow is controlled by the solenoid valve; the control circuit is used to control the high frequency The oscillator ignites the arc and stops working at the high frequency after the arc is established. In addition, the control circuit should have an internal locking function for thermal switch action and stop.
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